International Business and Country Resources: APA Citation Style

These examples are based on the 7^th and 6^th editions of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association and the APA Style Guide to Electronic References.

Example of a journal or magazine article:

Reference page, APA 7:

Gunasti, K., & Ross, W. (2010). How and when alphanumeric brand names affect consumer preferences. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(6), 1177–1192. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.47.6.1177

Reference page, APA 6:

Gunasti, K., & Ross, W. (2010). How and when alphanumeric brand names affect consumer preferences. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(6), 1177–1192. doi:10.1509/jmkr.47.6.1177.

In-text citation:  (Gunasti & Ross, 2010)

(A DOI [Digital Object Identifier] URL should be added when it is available. The label “doi:” is no longer necessary for APA 7^th edition. If you are referencing an online article that you have reason to believe has been changed, that includes additional data or commentaries, or is an advanced online publication, you will need to add the date you retrieved the document and the URL. If a DOI is not available, provide a URL for electronic articles.)

Example of a print newspaper article:

Reference page, APA 7 & 6:

Wessel, D. (2007, August 16). Paulson expects markets to slow, not stall, growth. Wall Street Journal, pp. 1A, A7.

In-text citation:  (Wessel, 2007)

Example of an online newspaper article:

Reference page, APA 7:

Ellis, L. (2023, January 3). Should you give up your salary and go to grad school? Wall Street Journal https://www.wsj.com/articles/fear-in-the-job-market-is-rising-is-it-time-to-go-to-grad-school-11672716930?st=jevhbtwubvnn1j3&reflink=desktopwebshare_permalink

Reference page, APA 6:

Ellis, L. (2023, January 3). Should you give up your salary and go to grad school? Wall Street Journal https://www.wsj.com

In-text citation:  (Ellis, 2023)

Example of an electronic report retrieved from an aggregated database:

Reference page, APA 7:

MarketLine. (2021, November). MarketLine industry profile: Automotive manufacturing in Finland (Reference Code 0163-2606). https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=bth&AN=154754680&site=ehost-live&authtype=ip,shib&custid=s8899245

Reference page, APA 6:

MarketLine. (2021, November). MarketLine industry profile: Automotive manufacturing in Finland (Reference Code 0163-2606). Retrieved January 3, 2023, from the Business Source Complete database.

In-text citation:  (MarketLine, 2021)

Example of an electronic copy of an annual report retrieved from a web page:

Reference page, APA 7:

Pfizer. (2022). Pfizer 2021 annual review: Breakthroughs that change patients' lives. https://www.pfizer.com/sites/default/files/investors/financial_reports/annual_reports/2021

Reference page, APA 6:

Pfizer. (2022). Pfizer 2021 annual review: Breakthroughs that change patients' lives. Retrieved from https://www.pfizer.com/sites/default/files/investors/financial_reports/annual_reports/2021

In-text citation:  (Pfizer, 2022)

Example of AI-generated content:

Reference page:

OpenAI. (2025). ChatGPT (March 10 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com

In-text citation:  (OpenAI, 2025)

When prompted with “What are the three most important characteristics of a leader?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that common leadership strengths are vision, integrity, and communication (OpenAI, 2025).

• Gives credit where credit is due
• Allows others to find the source
• Helps justify recommendations