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[AI generated image]
Oxford Reference defines artificial intelligence as "The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages."
Artificial Intelligence (AI) alternately may refer to a subject of study, a scientific discipline, a tool, or competition for human endeavors.
AI encompasses a number of areas: communications, learning, reasoning, understanding, vision, and robotics.
Drawbacks of AI currently include a lack of explainability (behaving as a black‐box model) and a number of ethical issues.
Terminology:
- Agentic AI: AI systems designed to act autonomously and proactively with minimal human intervention.
- AI prompt engineer: Intermediary that writes text-based prompts to optimize desired outputs for users.
- Artificial Intelligence: Attempts to reproduce human behavior / learning. The term "artificial intelligence" is often used to refer to subsets of AI. Developed in the 1950s.
- ChatGPT: A Generative Pre-training Transformer that uses natural language and advanced deep learning to make predictions
- ChatGPT is a type of software--an AI chat bot. Latest version 4.0 is able to connect to the Internet (although this poses security and privacy threats). It can be downloaded as a mobile app for iOS and Android devices. Version 4.0 is accessible only to paid subscribers.
- The version 3.0 is free, has an information cutoff (last update) of September 2021, and does not connect to the Internet.
- CLEAR Framework for prompt engineering (Leo Lo: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102720):
- Concise
- Logical
- Explicit
- Adaptive
- Reflective
- Deep learning: Avoids the need for human operators using comparatively larger datasets and a hierarchy of concepts built from simpler concepts.
- Generative AI: Sophisticated text prediction inspired by human neural networks; uses a subset of machine learning with datasets to generate new content.
- Hallucinations: Refers to erroneous ("fake") AI-generated results.
- Large Language Model: A model that uses massive amounts of training data to teach algorithms without human instruction.
- Machine learning: A subset of AI used to teach computers to learn and act without programming that uses comparatively smaller datasets.
- Reasoning Model: Reasoning models use reasoning tokens to consider multiple approaches to generating a response.
- Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG): AI framework that combines information retrieval systems with large language models (LLMs) to improve text generation.
- Token: Refers to unit of data (words, phrases, sentences, characters, subwords, or punctuation marks) fed into a model for training or processing.
- Tortured phrases: Mistranslated technical terms, e.g., "colossal information" for "big data"
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